Kim, Juhwan Yang, Miyoung Son, Yeonghoon Jang, Hyosun Kim, Dongwoo Kim, Jong-Choon Kim, Sung-Ho Kang, Man-Jong Im, Heh-In Shin, Taekyun Moon, Changjong 2024-01-20T08:34:40Z 2024-01-20T08:34:40Z 2021-09-05 2014-10 0065-1281 https://pubs.kist.re.kr/handle/201004/126277 Trimethyltin (TMT), a potent neurotoxic chemical, causes dysfunction and neuroinflammation in the brain, particularly in the hippocampus. The present study assessed TMT-induced glial cell activation and inflammatory cytokine alterations in the mouse hippocampus, BV-2 microglia, and primary cultured astrocytes. In the mouse hippocampus, TMT treatment significantly increased the expression of glial cell markers, including the microglial marker ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 and the astroglial marker glial fibrillary acidic protein. The expression of M1 and M2 microglial markers (inducible nitric oxide synthase [NOS] and CD206, respectively) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin [IL]-1 beta, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-alpha) were significantly increased in the mouse hippocampus following TMT treatment. In BV-2 microglia, iNOS, IL-beta, TNF-alpha, and IL-6 expression increased significantly, whereas arginase-1 and CD206 expression decreased significantly after TMT treatment in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. In primary cultured astrocytes, iNOS, arginase-1, TNF-alpha, and IL-beta expression increased significantly, whereas IL-10 expression decreased significantly after TMT treatment in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. These results indicate that significant up-regulation of pro-inflammatory signals in TMT-induced neurotoxicity may be associated with pathological processing of TMT-induced neurodegeneration. (C) 2014 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. English ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG INDUCED STATUS EPILEPTICUS INDUCED NEURONAL DAMAGE NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA RAT HIPPOCAMPUS ALTERNATIVE ACTIVATION ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE EXPRESSION MACROPHAGE NEURODEGENERATION CYTOKINES Glial activation with concurrent up-regulation of inflammatory mediators in trimethyltin-induced neurotoxicity in mice Article 10.1016/j.acthis.2014.09.003 1 ACTA HISTOCHEMICA, v.116, no.8, pp.1490 - 1500 ACTA HISTOCHEMICA 116 8 1490 1500 scie scopus 000347362000036 2-s2.0-84940167381 Cell Biology Cell Biology Article INDUCED STATUS EPILEPTICUS INDUCED NEURONAL DAMAGE NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA RAT HIPPOCAMPUS ALTERNATIVE ACTIVATION ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE EXPRESSION MACROPHAGE NEURODEGENERATION CYTOKINES Trimethyltin Hippocampus Neuroinflammation Glial activation Cytokine