Park, Bo-In Hwang, Yoonjung Lee, Seung Yong Lee, Jae-Seung Park, Jong-Ku Jeong, Jeunghyun Kim, Jin Young Kim, BongSoo Cho, So-Hye Lee, Doh-Kwon 2024-01-20T08:34:43Z 2024-01-20T08:34:43Z 2021-09-04 2014-10 2040-3364 https://pubs.kist.re.kr/handle/201004/126280 Efficient Cu2ZnSnSe4 (CZTSe) solar cells were fabricated with a simple, environmentally friendly, and scalable synthetic method for Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) nanocrystals. CZTS nanoparticles were mechanochemically synthesized from elemental precursors on a relatively large scale (similar to 20 g), during which no solvents or additives were used, thus alleviating the complex process of particle synthesis. An analysis of the time evolution of the crystalline phase and morphology of precursor powders revealed that the formation of the CZTS compound was completed in 0.5 h once initiated, suggesting that the mechanochemically induced self-propagating reaction prevails. CZTS ink was prepared by dispersing the as-synthesized nanoparticles in an environmentally benign solvent (160 mg mL(-1) in ethanol) without using any additives, after which it was cast onto Mo-coated glass substrates by a doctor-blade method. Subsequent reactive annealing at 560 degrees C under a Se-containing atmosphere resulted in substantial grain growth along with the nearly complete substitution of Se. The CZTSe solar cells therefrom exhibited power conversion efficiency levels as high as 6.1% (based on the active area, 0.44 cm(2)) with a relatively high open-circuit voltage (0.42 V) in comparison with the bandgap energy of 1.0 eV. English ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY SOLAR-CELLS THIN-FILMS EFFICIENCY FABRICATION PRECURSOR CHALCOGENIDES SULFURIZATION Solvent-free synthesis of Cu2ZnSnS4 nanocrystals: a facile, green, up-scalable route for low cost photovoltaic cells Article 10.1039/c4nr02564d 1 NANOSCALE, v.6, no.20, pp.11703 - 11711 NANOSCALE 6 20 11703 11711 scie scopus 000343000800017 2-s2.0-84907545951 Chemistry, Multidisciplinary Nanoscience & Nanotechnology Materials Science, Multidisciplinary Physics, Applied Chemistry Science & Technology - Other Topics Materials Science Physics Article SOLAR-CELLS THIN-FILMS EFFICIENCY FABRICATION PRECURSOR CHALCOGENIDES SULFURIZATION CZTS solar cells mechanochemical nanoparticle CZTSe