Kim, Eun Jee Lee, Dongho Chung, Bong Chul Pyo, Heesoo Lee, Jeongae 2024-01-20T10:31:34Z 2024-01-20T10:31:34Z 2021-09-05 2014-02-01 0048-9697 https://pubs.kist.re.kr/handle/201004/127112 Bisphenol-A (BPA) possesses estrogenic properties both in vitro and in vivo as an endocrine disrupting chemical. Humans experience a long-term and cumulative exposure to BPA. BPA was detectable in 973% of 1904 urine specimens from Korean adults. We investigated urinary estrogen concentrations in subjects with low and high BPA concentrations and its possible association with estrogen metabolism. Urine samples were collected from a high EPA concentration group (BPA-H; n = 100, 11.05 +/- 20.47 mu g/g creatinine) and a low BPA concentration group (BPA-L; n = 100, 0.70 +/- 0.22 mu g/g creatinine) from Korea Biomonitoring Program of Hazardous Materials Survey 2009-2010. Urinary estrogens were enzymatically hydrolyzed, extracted, and then derivatized for quantitative analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Estrogen levels were higher in the BPA-H group than in the BPA-L group. Concentrations of estrone, 17 beta-estradiol, and their hydroxylated metabolites in both men and women were significantly higher in the EPA-H group than in the BPA-L group (p < 0.04). Furthermore, in the BPA-H group, estrogen metabolism to 4-hydroxy-estrone and 4-hydroxy-17 beta-estradiol was more active than that to 2-hydroxy-estrone and 2-hydroxy-17 beta-estradiol. Although single measurement and/or single spot urine samples limit the measurement of long-term exposure to BPA, we found significant differences of estrogen metabolism in the BPA-H and the BPA-L groups. The increase of hydroxyestrogens, especially 4-hydroxyestrogens, can be an important factor resulting negative effects of prolonged exposure to BPA. Crown Copyright (C) 2013 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. English ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV BREAST-CANCER ENVIRONMENTAL ESTROGEN HUMAN EXPOSURE US POPULATION HIGH-RISK ENDOCRINE MECHANISMS CREATININE ALPHA Association between urinary levels of bisphenol-A and estrogen metabolism in Korean adults Article 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.07.040 1 SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT, v.470, pp.1401 - 1407 SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 470 1401 1407 scie scopus 000331415600146 2-s2.0-84891634937 Environmental Sciences Environmental Sciences & Ecology Article; Proceedings Paper BREAST-CANCER ENVIRONMENTAL ESTROGEN HUMAN EXPOSURE US POPULATION HIGH-RISK ENDOCRINE MECHANISMS CREATININE ALPHA Bisphenol-A Steroid hormone Estrogen metabolism Hydroxylase Urine