Park, Jong-Ho Choi, Ji Sik Woo, Soo Kyoung Lee, Sang Deuk Cheong, Minserk Kim, Hoon Sik Lee, Hyunjoo 2024-01-20T14:04:20Z 2024-01-20T14:04:20Z 2021-09-05 2012-08-08 0926-860X https://pubs.kist.re.kr/handle/201004/128980 Homogeneous zinc-catalyzed synthesis of glycerol carbonate from the reaction of glycerol with urea was investigated. Among the zinc-based catalysts tested. ZnCl2 showed the highest catalytic activity. Spectroscopic and elemental analyses of the zinc species, isolated from the reaction conducted in the presence of ZnCl2, revealed that Zn(NH3)Cl-2 was generated first as an intermediate species, which in turn reacted with glycerol to produce zinc glycerolate, Zn(C3H6O3) and NH4Cl. The activity of Zn(C3H6O3) was considerably lower than that of ZnCl2, but the activity was greatly enhanced by the combined use of NH4Cl, implying that both Zn(C3H6O3) and NH4Cl were functioning as essential ingredients for the carbonylation of glycerol by urea. The formation of Zn(C3H6O3) was also observed when ZnBr2, Znl(2), ZnF2, Zn(NO3)(2), Zn(CH3CO2)(2), or ZnO was used as the catalyst. (c) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. English ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PENDANT HYDROXYL-GROUPS CARBONATE POLYCARBONATES CARBONYLATION CHEMICALS CRYSTAL Isolation and characterization of intermediate catalytic species in the Zn-catalyzed glycerolysis of urea Article 10.1016/j.apcata.2012.04.031 1 APPLIED CATALYSIS A-GENERAL, v.433, pp.35 - 40 APPLIED CATALYSIS A-GENERAL 433 35 40 scie scopus 000307321400005 2-s2.0-84863728613 Chemistry, Physical Environmental Sciences Chemistry Environmental Sciences & Ecology Article PENDANT HYDROXYL-GROUPS CARBONATE POLYCARBONATES CARBONYLATION CHEMICALS CRYSTAL Glycerol Glycerol carbonate Urea Glycerolysis Zinc halides Homogeneous catalysis