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<dublin_core schema="dc">
<dcvalue element="contributor" qualifier="author">Kim,&#x20;Sung-Phil</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="contributor" qualifier="author">Hwang,&#x20;Eunjin</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="contributor" qualifier="author">Kang,&#x20;Jae-Hwan</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="contributor" qualifier="author">Kim,&#x20;Seunghwan</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="contributor" qualifier="author">Choi,&#x20;Jee&#x20;Hyun</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="date" qualifier="accessioned">2024-01-20T15:04:34Z</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="date" qualifier="available">2024-01-20T15:04:34Z</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="date" qualifier="created">2021-09-05</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="date" qualifier="issued">2012-03-28</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="identifier" qualifier="issn">0959-4965</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="identifier" qualifier="uri">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;pubs.kist.re.kr&#x2F;handle&#x2F;201004&#x2F;129427</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="description" qualifier="abstract">Thalamocortical&#x20;networks&#x20;play&#x20;an&#x20;important&#x20;role&#x20;in&#x20;information&#x20;integration&#x20;during&#x20;consciousness.&#x20;However,&#x20;little&#x20;is&#x20;known&#x20;about&#x20;how&#x20;the&#x20;information&#x20;flows&#x20;between&#x20;the&#x20;thalamus&#x20;and&#x20;the&#x20;cortex&#x20;are&#x20;affected&#x20;by&#x20;a&#x20;loss&#x20;of&#x20;consciousness.&#x20;To&#x20;investigate&#x20;this&#x20;issue,&#x20;we&#x20;analyzed&#x20;effective&#x20;connectivity&#x20;between&#x20;the&#x20;cortex&#x20;and&#x20;the&#x20;thalamus&#x20;in&#x20;animals&#x20;during&#x20;anesthesia-induced&#x20;transitions.&#x20;By&#x20;recording&#x20;the&#x20;electroencephalogram&#x20;from&#x20;the&#x20;primary&#x20;motor&#x20;and&#x20;the&#x20;primary&#x20;somatosensory&#x20;cortex&#x20;and&#x20;by&#x20;recording&#x20;local&#x20;field&#x20;potentials&#x20;from&#x20;the&#x20;ventral&#x20;lateral&#x20;and&#x20;the&#x20;ventrobasal&#x20;thalamic&#x20;nuclei,&#x20;we&#x20;evaluated&#x20;changes&#x20;in&#x20;the&#x20;conditional&#x20;Granger&#x20;causality&#x20;between&#x20;cortical&#x20;and&#x20;thalamic&#x20;electrical&#x20;activity&#x20;as&#x20;mice&#x20;gradually&#x20;lost&#x20;consciousness&#x20;from&#x20;the&#x20;use&#x20;of&#x20;anesthesia&#x20;(ketamine&#x2F;xylazine).&#x20;The&#x20;point&#x20;of&#x20;loss&#x20;of&#x20;consciousness&#x20;was&#x20;indicated&#x20;by&#x20;a&#x20;moment&#x20;of&#x20;loss&#x20;of&#x20;movement&#x20;that&#x20;was&#x20;measured&#x20;using&#x20;a&#x20;head-mounted&#x20;motion&#x20;sensor.&#x20;The&#x20;results&#x20;showed&#x20;that&#x20;65%&#x20;of&#x20;the&#x20;thalamocortical&#x20;information&#x20;flows&#x20;were&#x20;changed&#x20;by&#x20;anesthesia-induced&#x20;loss&#x20;of&#x20;consciousness.&#x20;Specifically,&#x20;the&#x20;effective&#x20;connectivity&#x20;between&#x20;the&#x20;cortex&#x20;and&#x20;the&#x20;ventral&#x20;lateral&#x20;thalamus&#x20;was&#x20;altered&#x20;such&#x20;that&#x20;the&#x20;primary&#x20;motor&#x20;and&#x20;the&#x20;primary&#x20;somatosensory&#x20;cortex&#x20;Granger-caused&#x20;the&#x20;ventral&#x20;lateral&#x20;thalamus&#x20;before&#x20;loss&#x20;of&#x20;consciousness&#x20;whereas&#x20;the&#x20;ventral&#x20;lateral&#x20;thalamus&#x20;Granger-caused&#x20;the&#x20;primary&#x20;motor&#x20;cortex&#x20;and&#x20;the&#x20;primary&#x20;somatosensory&#x20;cortex&#x20;after&#x20;loss&#x20;of&#x20;consciousness.&#x20;In&#x20;contrast,&#x20;the&#x20;primary&#x20;somatosensory&#x20;cortex&#x20;consistently&#x20;Granger-caused&#x20;the&#x20;ventrobasal&#x20;thalamus,&#x20;regardless&#x20;of&#x20;the&#x20;loss&#x20;of&#x20;consciousness.&#x20;These&#x20;results&#x20;suggest&#x20;how&#x20;information&#x20;flows&#x20;change&#x20;across&#x20;the&#x20;thalamocortical&#x20;network&#x20;during&#x20;transitions&#x20;in&#x20;consciousness.&#x20;NeuroReport&#x20;23:294-298&#x20;(C)&#x20;2012&#x20;Wolters&#x20;Kluwer&#x20;Health&#x20;vertical&#x20;bar&#x20;Lippincott&#x20;Williams&#x20;&amp;&#x20;Wilkins.</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="language" qualifier="none">English</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="publisher" qualifier="none">LIPPINCOTT&#x20;WILLIAMS&#x20;&amp;&#x20;WILKINS</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="subject" qualifier="none">LOCAL-FIELD&#x20;POTENTIALS</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="subject" qualifier="none">GENERAL-ANESTHESIA</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="subject" qualifier="none">PROPOFOL</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="subject" qualifier="none">ISOFLURANE</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="subject" qualifier="none">BREAKDOWN</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="subject" qualifier="none">NEURONS</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="subject" qualifier="none">HUMANS</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="subject" qualifier="none">RATS</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="title" qualifier="none">Changes&#x20;in&#x20;the&#x20;thalamocortical&#x20;connectivity&#x20;during&#x20;anesthesia-induced&#x20;transitions&#x20;in&#x20;consciousness</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="type" qualifier="none">Article</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="identifier" qualifier="doi">10.1097&#x2F;WNR.0b013e3283509ba0</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="description" qualifier="journalClass">1</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="identifier" qualifier="bibliographicCitation">NEUROREPORT,&#x20;v.23,&#x20;no.5,&#x20;pp.294&#x20;-&#x20;298</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="citation" qualifier="title">NEUROREPORT</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="citation" qualifier="volume">23</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="citation" qualifier="number">5</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="citation" qualifier="startPage">294</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="citation" qualifier="endPage">298</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="description" qualifier="journalRegisteredClass">scie</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="description" qualifier="journalRegisteredClass">scopus</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="identifier" qualifier="wosid">000301289300006</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="identifier" qualifier="scopusid">2-s2.0-84862792642</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="relation" qualifier="journalWebOfScienceCategory">Neurosciences</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="relation" qualifier="journalResearchArea">Neurosciences&#x20;&amp;&#x20;Neurology</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="type" qualifier="docType">Article</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="subject" qualifier="keywordPlus">LOCAL-FIELD&#x20;POTENTIALS</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="subject" qualifier="keywordPlus">GENERAL-ANESTHESIA</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="subject" qualifier="keywordPlus">PROPOFOL</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="subject" qualifier="keywordPlus">ISOFLURANE</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="subject" qualifier="keywordPlus">BREAKDOWN</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="subject" qualifier="keywordPlus">NEURONS</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="subject" qualifier="keywordPlus">HUMANS</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="subject" qualifier="keywordPlus">RATS</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="subject" qualifier="keywordAuthor">anesthesia</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="subject" qualifier="keywordAuthor">consciousness</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="subject" qualifier="keywordAuthor">effective&#x20;connectivity</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="subject" qualifier="keywordAuthor">electroencephalogram</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="subject" qualifier="keywordAuthor">Granger&#x20;causality</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="subject" qualifier="keywordAuthor">local&#x20;field&#x20;potentials</dcvalue>
</dublin_core>
