Kim, Ki Young Lee, Young-Joo Chung, Bong Chul Hong, Jongki Jung, Byung Hwa 2024-01-20T19:33:29Z 2024-01-20T19:33:29Z 2021-09-02 2010-04 0148-0545 https://pubs.kist.re.kr/handle/201004/131609 Tissue distribution and urinary excretion of nicotine, cotinine, and hydroxycotinine after multiple oral administration of nicotine to rats for 4 weeks were studied. Physiological change and serum biochemical parameters were also measured to check dysfunction of organs. Significant change of glutathione S-transferase, aspartate aminotransferase, blood urea nitrogen, and physiological parameters indicated the toxicity in liver and kidney, at the dose of 5 and 10 mg/kg/day. Only the concentration and total amount of cotinine, not nicotine or hydroxycotinine, in the liver and the kidney showed a proportional dose-dependent increase and were highly correlated with toxicity. Saturation of metabolizing enzymes for nicotine was estimated by the change of urinary excreted amount ratio between nicotine and its metabolites. Metabolizing enzyme to produce cotinine from nicotine was saturated after multiple oral dosing for 4 weeks in a low dose (1 mg/kg/day), but within 1 week in the dose of 5 and 10 mg/kg/day.</. English TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD CIGARETTE-SMOKING TRANSDERMAL NICOTINE DELIVERY SYSTEM PHARMACOKINETICS SPRAY Relations between toxicity and altered tissue distribution and urinary excretion of nicotine, cotinine, and hydroxycotinine after chronic oral administration of nicotine in rats Article 10.3109/01480540903196832 1 DRUG AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY, v.33, no.2, pp.166 - 172 DRUG AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY 33 2 166 172 scie scopus 000275891200007 2-s2.0-77949882361 Chemistry, Multidisciplinary Pharmacology & Pharmacy Toxicology Chemistry Pharmacology & Pharmacy Toxicology Article CIGARETTE-SMOKING TRANSDERMAL NICOTINE DELIVERY SYSTEM PHARMACOKINETICS SPRAY Nicotine cotinine urinary excretion tissue distribution toxicity