Bae, Hyokwan Park, Kyung-Soon Chung, Yun-Chul Jung, Jin-Young 2024-01-20T19:35:09Z 2024-01-20T19:35:09Z 2021-09-02 2010-03 1359-5113 https://pubs.kist.re.kr/handle/201004/131689 Enrichment of anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) bacteria using five activated sludges in three domestic wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) were processed in a short term of 70 days and evaluated by real-time quantitative PCR (RTQ-PCR). Before the enrichment, building phylogenetic trees of Planctomycetes phylum in four reactors of sequencing batch reactor (SBR), anoxic and oxic reactors of anaerobic-anoxic-oxic (A2O) process, and rotating biological contactor (RBC) revealed six groups of distantly relative genera of Planctomyces, Pirellula, Gemmata, Isophaera, Candidatus and putative anammox bacteria. All clones of Candidatus sp. were affiliated with anammox bacteria and the majority of anammox clones were related to Planctomycete KSU-1 (AB057453). The discovery of anammox bacteria in raw activated sludges provided a partial rationale for the utilization of activated sludge as a seeding source of the anammox process. To verify the activity of anammox bacteria in the activated sludges, enrichment cultivations were conducted using SBRs. The enrichment of anammox bacteria resulted in the significant anammox activity of three samples. Quantification of 16S rRNA gene of anammox bacteria using RTQ-PCR showed the highest concentration of anammox bacteria of 2.48 +/- 0.22 x 10(9) copies of 16S rRNA gene/mg-volatile suspended solids (VSS), which was the same order of magnitude as that of the referential granular anammox sludge, 6.23 +/- 0.59 x 10(9) copies of 16S rRNA gene/mg-VSS, taken from an anammox upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor. The doubling time of anammox bacteria enriched in this Study was 1.18 days. The growth yield of anammox bacteria enriched in this study was 4.75 +/- 0.57 x 10(6) copies of 16S rRNA gene/mg of ammonium- and nitrite-nitrogen, which was similar to 4.50 +/- 0.61 x 10(6) copies of 16S rRNA gene/mg of ammonium- and nitrite-nitrogen for the referential anammox sludge, Substrate uptake rates of three successful enrichments at the end of the enrichment were comparable to those of granular and suspended anammox sludges. Rapid enrichment of anammox bacteria using activated sludge could offer an alternative method for obtaining a large volume of seeding anammox sludge. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. English ELSEVIER SCI LTD ANAEROBIC AMMONIUM OXIDATION OXIDIZING BACTERIA BIOFILM REACTORS SLUDGE MEMBRANE TOOL Distribution of anammox bacteria in domestic WWTPs and their enrichments evaluated by real-time quantitative PCR Article 10.1016/j.procbio.2009.10.004 1 PROCESS BIOCHEMISTRY, v.45, no.3, pp.323 - 334 PROCESS BIOCHEMISTRY 45 3 323 334 scie scopus 000275100900005 2-s2.0-74449092884 Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology Engineering, Chemical Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology Engineering Article ANAEROBIC AMMONIUM OXIDATION OXIDIZING BACTERIA BIOFILM REACTORS SLUDGE MEMBRANE TOOL Anaerobic ammonium oxidation Phylogenetic tree Enrichment Real-time quantitative PCR