Han, S. C. Doh, J. M. Yoon, J. K. Kim, G. H. Byun, J. Y. Han, S. H. Hong, K. T. Kwun, S. I. 2024-01-20T21:06:27Z 2024-01-20T21:06:27Z 2021-09-03 2009-06 1598-9623 https://pubs.kist.re.kr/handle/201004/132435 Highly ordered TiO2 nanotube arrays were prepared using a self-templating multi-step anodic oxidation process in a fluoride-containing electrolyte. The microstructures, chemical compositions, and phases of the self-organized TiO2 nanotube arrays were analyzed by FESEM, XPS, and XRD, respectively. Hexagonal packing density in TiO2 nanotube arrays significantly improved after the the multi-step anodic oxidation. The area densities of the hexagonal TiO2 nanotube arrays increased approximately 3 times from the first to second step in the anodic oxidation steps process (4.9 mu m(-2) to 16.4 mu m(-2)), but there was no difference between the second and third step (16.4 mu m(-2) to 16.0 mu m(-2)). The as-anodized TiO2 nanotube array had an amorphous structure and it transformed to an anatase phase during the annealing process at 450 A degrees C for 1 h. The as-anodized TiO2 nanotube arrays adsorbed the fluoride, hydrocarbon groups (CH), hydroxyl groups (OH, C-OH), and carboxyl groups (O = C-OH) on their surfaces. English KOREAN INST METALS MATERIALS TITANIUM HYDROGEN FILMS XPS Highly ordered self-organized TiO2 nanotube arrays prepared by a multi-step anodic oxidation process Article 10.1007/s12540-009-0493-x 1 METALS AND MATERIALS INTERNATIONAL, v.15, no.3, pp.493 - 499 METALS AND MATERIALS INTERNATIONAL 15 3 493 499 scie scopus kci ART001354431 000267786600021 2-s2.0-73949152788 Materials Science, Multidisciplinary Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering Materials Science Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering Article TITANIUM HYDROGEN FILMS XPS TiO2 nanotube multi-step anodic oxidation fluoride containing electrolyte