Lee, S.-M. Ha, M. Kim, E.-J. Jeong, W.-C. Hur, J. Park, S.G. Kwon, H. Hong, Y.-C. Ha, E.-H. Lee, J.S. Chung, B.C. Lee, J. Im, H. Choi, Y. Cho, Y.-M. Cheong, H.-K. 2024-01-20T22:00:52Z 2024-01-20T22:00:52Z 2021-09-02 2009-03 1975-8375 https://pubs.kist.re.kr/handle/201004/132719 Objectives : To assess the protective effects of wearing protective devices among the residents and volunteers who participated in the cleanup of the Hebei Spirit oil spill. Methods : A total of 288 residents and 724 volunteers were surveyed about symptoms, whether they were wearing protective devices and potential confounding variables. The questionnaires were administered from the second to the sixth week following the accident. Spot urine samples were collected and analyzed for metabolites of 4 volatile organic compounds (VOCs), 2 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and 6 heavy metals. The association between the wearing of protective devices and various symptoms was assessed using a multiple logistic regression adjusted for confounding variables. A multiple generalized linear regression model adjusted for the covariates was used to test for a difference in least-square mean concentration of urinary biomarkers between residents who wore protective devices and those who did not. Results : Thirty nine to 98% of the residents and 62-98% of volunteers wore protective devices. Levels of fatigue and fever were higher among residents not wearing masks than among those who did wear masks (odds ratio 4.5; 95% confidence interval 1.23-19.86). Urinary mercury levels were found to be significantly higher among residents not wearing work clothes or boots (p<0.05). Conclusions : Because the survey was not performed during the initial high-exposure period, no significant difference was found in metabolite levels between people who wore protective devices and those who did not, except for mercury, whose biological half-life is more than 6 weeks. Korean heavy metal mercury polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon volatile organic compound biological marker petroleum adult article fatigue female fever health hazard health survey human male mask oil spill protective clothing urinalysis urine level water pollution control aged disaster environmental exposure gas mask middle aged pollutant protective clothing protective equipment sea shoe urine voluntary worker Adult Aged Biological Markers Disasters Environmental Exposure Environmental Pollutants Female Gloves, Protective Humans Male Masks Metals, Heavy Middle Aged Oceans and Seas Petroleum Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic Protective Clothing Protective Devices Respiratory Protective Devices Shoes Volatile Organic Compounds Voluntary Workers The effects of wearing protective devices among residents and volunteers participating in the cleanup of the Hebei Spirit oil spill Article 10.3961/jpmph.2009.42.2.89 1 Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, v.42, no.2, pp.89 - 95 Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health 42 2 89 95 scopus kci ART001330423 2-s2.0-67649528877 Article heavy metal mercury polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon volatile organic compound biological marker petroleum adult article fatigue female fever health hazard health survey human male mask oil spill protective clothing urinalysis urine level water pollution control aged disaster environmental exposure gas mask middle aged pollutant protective clothing protective equipment sea shoe urine voluntary worker Adult Aged Biological Markers Disasters Environmental Exposure Environmental Pollutants Female Gloves, Protective Humans Male Masks Metals, Heavy Middle Aged Oceans and Seas Petroleum Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic Protective Clothing Protective Devices Respiratory Protective Devices Shoes Volatile Organic Compounds Voluntary Workers Biomarkers Crude oil Protective devices Symptom