Lee, Sihye Ghim, Young Sung Kim, Yong Pyo Kim, Jin Young 2024-01-21T03:03:33Z 2024-01-21T03:03:33Z 2021-09-01 2006-06 1352-2310 https://pubs.kist.re.kr/handle/201004/135483 Seasonal variation of fine particulate nitrate and sensitivity of fine particle mass concentration to the emission changes of VOCs and NOx were estimated in the greater Seoul area. SBOX, a photochemical box model was used to obtain the total nitric acid (HNO3T) concentration, and SCAPE2, a gas/particle equilibrium model was used to determine the partitioning of nitric acid/nitrate and particulate water content. Most HNO3T existed as nitrate except in summer (similar to 60%) since there was enough ammonia to form particulate ammonium nitrate. In summer, high temperature was favorable to gaseous nitric acid. Also, because of average relative humidity (RH) higher than the deliquescence points of most salts, water content in summer was higher than those in other seasons by a factor of two. For all seasons, fine particle mass concentration (the sum of ion concentrations and water content) increased until considerable amount of NO, emissions was reduced. This phenomenon is a typical example of the so-called 'NOx disbenefits' that has been discussed in relation to the abatement of ozone pollution. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. English PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS GAS-AEROSOL EQUILIBRIUM OZONE POLLUTANTS KOREA SO2 Estimation of the seasonal variation of particulate nitrate and sensitivity to the emission changes in the greater Seoul area Article 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.03.029 1 ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT, v.40, no.20, pp.3724 - 3736 ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT 40 20 3724 3736 scie scopus 000238588600009 2-s2.0-33646842025 Environmental Sciences Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences Environmental Sciences & Ecology Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences Article VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS GAS-AEROSOL EQUILIBRIUM OZONE POLLUTANTS KOREA SO2 inorganic ions ammonia availability volatilization relative humidity NOx disbenefits