Lee, E Kim, S Chung, KC Choo, MK Kim, DH Nam, G Rhim, H 2024-01-21T03:05:35Z 2024-01-21T03:05:35Z 2021-09-01 2006-04-24 0014-2999 https://pubs.kist.re.kr/handle/201004/135566 Most herbal medicines that are orally administrated have been known to be metabolized before they are absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. We, therefore, examined the effects of 20(S)-ginsenosides Rb-1, Rg(1), and Rg(3), the three most commonly studied ginsenosides in the central nervous system, and their main metabolites on NMDA receptors using fura-2-based digital imaging and perforated whole-cell patch-clamp techniques. Among the nine ginsenosides tested, 20(S)-ginsenoside Rh-3 (20(S)-Rh-2) along with 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg(3) (20(S)-Rg(3)) produced the highest inhibitory effect in cultured hippocampal neurons. Although 20(S)-Rg(3) and 20(S)-Rh-2 selectively targeted NMDA receptors with similar potency, they produced additive effects and seemed to modulate different NMDA receptor regulatory sites. As a competitive antagonist, 20(S)-Rh-2 seems to inhibit the receptor via its interaction with polyamine-binding sites, and 20(S)-Rg(3) does so using glycine-binding sites. Therefore, these results suggest that the treatment of 20(S)-Rh-2 a newly identified active ingredient of ginseng, might be a novel preventive candidate in treating neurodegenerative disorders. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. English ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV GLYCINE-BINDING-SITE D-ASPARTATE RECEPTOR INTESTINAL BACTERIA PANAX-GINSENG AMINO-ACID IN-VITRO GINSENOSIDES RG(3) RB-1 METABOLISM 20(S)-ginsenoside Rh-2, a newly identified active ingredient of ginseng, inhibits NMDA receptors in cultured rat hippocampal neurons Article 10.1016/j.ejphar.2006.02.038 1 EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY, v.536, no.1-2, pp.69 - 77 EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY 536 1-2 69 77 scie scopus 000236935900009 2-s2.0-33645809108 Pharmacology & Pharmacy Pharmacology & Pharmacy Article GLYCINE-BINDING-SITE D-ASPARTATE RECEPTOR INTESTINAL BACTERIA PANAX-GINSENG AMINO-ACID IN-VITRO GINSENOSIDES RG(3) RB-1 METABOLISM ginseng ginsenoside Rh-2 (R)- or (S)-stereoisomer NMDA polyamine-binding site patch-clamp