Kim, JY Song, CH Ghim, YS Won, JG Yoon, SC Carmichael, GR Woo, JH 2024-01-21T03:31:02Z 2024-01-21T03:31:02Z 2021-09-01 2006-04 1352-2310 https://pubs.kist.re.kr/handle/201004/135624 In this study, the accuracy of NH3 emissions in East Asia is evaluated by a comparison of measured and predicted NH4NO3 concentrations. For the prediction of particulate NH4NO3 concentrations, this study uses the USEPA Models-3/Community Multi-scale Air Quality (Models-3/CMAQ) model. The measurement data are collected from 4 ground-based stations (Beijing, Shanghai, Qingdao, and Kangwha) and ACE-ASIA C130 Flights #6, #7, and #10. The four ground-based stations and air flight tracks are located in and around the Yellow Sea in East Asia. According to the results, the predicted fine-mode NH4+ concentrations are 1.2-3.8 times overestimated compared to those measured on the mass basis, and fine-mode NO3- concentrations are 1.9-7.6 times overestimated on the mass basis. It is also revealed in this study that aberrantly high predicted fine-mode NO3- concentrations in East Asia can be attributed to the overestimated NH3 emissions. The predicted gas-phase NH3 concentrations and estimated NH3 emissions are likely to be 1.2-3.8 times overestimated in East Asia on the mass basis. Therefore, it is recommended that approximately 20-75% reduced NH3 emission fields should be used in future modeling studies for East Asia. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. English PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD EQUILIBRIUM-MODEL DEPOSITION NITRATE PARTICLES INVENTORY EVOLUTION SULFATE PM2.5 An investigation on NH3 emissions and particulate NH4+-NO3- formation in East Asia Article 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.11.048 1 ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT, v.40, no.12, pp.2139 - 2150 ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT 40 12 2139 2150 scie scopus 000236527700006 2-s2.0-32844468671 Environmental Sciences Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences Environmental Sciences & Ecology Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences Article EQUILIBRIUM-MODEL DEPOSITION NITRATE PARTICLES INVENTORY EVOLUTION SULFATE PM2.5 NH3 emissions NH4NO3 formation Models-3/CMAQ model East Asia