Lee, JE Kim, SE Kwon, IC Ahn, HJ Cho, H Lee, SH Kim, HJ Seong, SC Lee, MC 2024-01-21T06:34:22Z 2024-01-21T06:34:22Z 2021-09-04 2004-09 0160-564X https://pubs.kist.re.kr/handle/201004/137290 The objectives of this study were (1) to develop a three-dimensional chitosan scaffold in combination with transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1)-loaded chitosan microspheres and (2) to evaluate the effect of the TGF-beta1 release on the chondrogenic potential of rabbit chondrocytes in the scaffolds. TGF-beta1 was loaded into chitosan microspheres using an emulsion-crosslinking method, resulting in spherical shapes with a size ranging from 0.3 to 1.5 mum. Controlled release of TGF-beta1, as measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), was observed with chitosan microspheres over 7 days. Chitosan solutions (2% and 3%) were fabricated into two types of scaffolds with different pore morphologies and mechanical properties using a freeze-drying technique, with the result that scaffold with higher concentrations showed smaller pores and lower porosity, leading to a much stronger scaffold. The TGF-beta1 microspheres were incorporated into the scaffolds at a concentration of 10 ng TGF-beta1/scaffold and then chondrocytes seeded into each scaffold and incubated in vitro for 2 weeks. The 2% chitosan scaffolds showed higher cell attachment levels than the 3% chitosan scaffolds (P < 0.01), regardless of the TGF-beta1 microspheres. Both the proliferation rate and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) production were significantly higher for scaffolds incorporating TGF-beta1 microspheres than for the control scaffolds without microspheres 10 days after incubation. Extracellular matrix staining by Safranin O and immunohistochemistry for type II collagen both significantly increased in scaffolds containing TGF-beta1 microspheres. These results suggest that the TGF-beta1 microsphere incorporated in scaffolds have the potential to enhance cartilage formation. English WILEY GROWTH-FACTOR BETA-1 ARTICULAR-CARTILAGE CONTROLLED-RELEASE GENE DELIVERY MATRIX OSTEOBLASTS HYDROGEL Effects of a chitosan scaffold containing TGF-beta 1 encapsulated chitosan microspheres on in vitro chondrocyte culture Article 10.1111/j.1525-1594.2004.00020.x 1 ARTIFICIAL ORGANS, v.28, no.9, pp.829 - 839 ARTIFICIAL ORGANS 28 9 829 839 scie scopus 000223367600007 2-s2.0-4344685878 Engineering, Biomedical Transplantation Engineering Transplantation Article; Proceedings Paper GROWTH-FACTOR BETA-1 ARTICULAR-CARTILAGE CONTROLLED-RELEASE GENE DELIVERY MATRIX OSTEOBLASTS HYDROGEL chitosan scaffold chondrocyte tissue engineering cartilage microsphere growth factor controlled release