Su, Xukun Xu, Junjie Chen, Xiaoyu Sun, Shuailing Lee, Dong-Gyu Zhu, Beining Baik, Jeong Min Hur, Sunghoon Fan, Shengbo Song, Hyun-Cheol Leng, Yonggang 2024-05-23T07:00:13Z 2024-05-23T07:00:13Z 2024-05-23 2024-06 2211-2855 https://pubs.kist.re.kr/handle/201004/149890 This paper proposes a piezoelectric-electromagnetic hybrid energy harvester (PEHEH) with frequency-up conversion (FUC) mechanisms toward harvesting low-frequency-low-intensity, and wideband vibrational energy. The PEHEH consists of a stator with embedded coils, an eccentric rotor embedded with permanent magnets, and a fan-folded piezoelectric beam fixed to the stator. The eccentric rotor converts low-frequency straight vibration into rotational motion, and generates currents across the coils. The rotor could collide with the fan-folded beam, resulting in voltage generation due to the deformation of the fan-folded beam. The FUC mechanism broadens the bandwidth and harvests additional energy through the piezoelectric effect. The fan-folded beam can be considered as a nonlinear oscillator of hardening type. The electro-magnetic-mechanical system is modeled as a driven pendulum that impacts a mass-spring-damper system. The electromagnetic coupling effect is theoretically determined and equivalent to a nonlinear damping term. The nonlinear dynamical system is analyzed theoretically, numerically and experimentally. The results show that the bandwidth of the PEHEH is broadened than that of the energy harvester without the FUC mechanism. The maximum power reaches 26.4 mW at 4 Hz. The PEHEH can power an acceleration sensor at 4 Hz in laboratory environments and a temperature-humidity sensor in actual working conditions of an agricultural tractor's spray rod. English Elsevier BV A piezoelectric-electromagnetic hybrid energy harvester with frequency-up conversion mechanism towards low-frequency-low-intensity applications Article 10.1016/j.nanoen.2024.109447 1 Nano Energy, v.124 Nano Energy 124 N scie scopus 001220951600001 2-s2.0-85187232925 Chemistry, Physical Nanoscience & Nanotechnology Materials Science, Multidisciplinary Physics, Applied Chemistry Science & Technology - Other Topics Materials Science Physics Article VIBRATION DESIGN Frequency-Up Conversion Eccentric Structure Nonlinear Vibration Hybrid Energy Harvesting