Jun, Soyoung Heeyoun, Park Kim, Muwoong Kang, Seulgi Kim Tae Hyeong Kim, Daun Yukio, Yamamoto Keiko, Yamamoto 2024-10-22T10:00:08Z 2024-10-22T10:00:08Z 2024-10-22 2024-10 1662-5102 https://pubs.kist.re.kr/handle/201004/150830 The prevailing belief has been that the fundamental structures of cerebellar neuronal circuits, consisting of a few major neuron types, are simple and well understood. Given that the cerebellum has long been known to be crucial for motor behaviors, these simple yet organized circuit structures seemed beneficial for theoretical studies proposing neural mechanisms underlying cerebellar motor functions and learning. On the other hand, experimental studies using advanced techniques have revealed numerous structural properties that were not traditionally defined. These include subdivided neuronal types and their circuit structures, feedback pathways from output Purkinje cells, and the multidimensional organization of neuronal interactions. With the recent recognition of the cerebellar involvement in non-motor functions, it is possible that these newly identified structural properties, which are potentially capable of generating greater complexity than previously recognized, are associated with increased information capacity. This, in turn, could contribute to the wide range of cerebellar functions. However, it remains largely unknown how such structural properties contribute to cerebellar neural computations through the regulation of neuronal activity or synaptic transmissions. To promote further research into cerebellar circuit structures and their functional significance, we aim to summarize the newly identified structural properties of the cerebellar cortex and discuss future research directions concerning cerebellar circuit structures and their potential functions. English Frontiers Media S.A. Increased understanding of complex neuronal circuits in the cerebellar cortex Article 10.3389/fncel.2024.1487362 1 Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience, v.18 Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience 18 Y scie scopus 001347692200001 Neurosciences Neurosciences & Neurology Review MOLECULAR LAYER INTERNEURONS UNIPOLAR BRUSH CELLS PURKINJE-CELLS PARALLEL FIBER GRANULE CELLS GABAERGIC INTERNEURONS TYROSINE-HYDROXYLASE STELLATE CELLS SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY ELECTRICAL SYNAPSES cerebellar cortex neuronal circuits heterogeneity Purkinje cells granule cells molecular layer interneurons