Won, Sungwook Jung, Minjung Bang, Junsik Cho, Se Youn Choi, In-Gyu Kwak, Hyo Won 2024-11-07T01:00:18Z 2024-11-07T01:00:18Z 2024-11-06 2024-11 0141-8130 https://pubs.kist.re.kr/handle/201004/150966 A nonhalogenated and ecofriendly flame-retarding material was developed using lignin, one of the main components of lignocellulosic biopolymers. Lignin was purified, dissolved, and formulated as nanoparticles and implemented after processing in an ecofriendly water-based gamma-valerolactone (GVL) system at different concentrations. Nitrogen-phosphorus sequential chemical modification was performed using polyethyleneimine (PEI) and phytic acid (PA), The char residue increased by >= 10 % compared with lignin nanoparticles (LNPs). A 10 wt% lignin-based flame retardant (L-FR) based on the weight of cotton fabric was introduced using a simple dipping method. Compared to existing cotton fabrics, the combustion time of L-FR treated cotton fabrics was reduced by 6.8 s. The maximum flame height was reduced by 5.4 cm, and the charcoal residue increased by 25 %. The flame- retarding mechanism of L-FR involved low-temperature dehydration, thermal decomposition of cellulose by the phosphorus component of PA and generation of expansive gas by the nitrogen component of PEI. These results showed that lignin-based raw material processing, polymer processing, and chemical modification were biomass- based, suggesting that lignin could be converted into an ecofriendly flame retardant, highlighting the feasibility of high-value-added lignin. English Elsevier BV Lignin-based flame retardant via sequential purification-nanoparticle formation, and N-P coupled chemical modification Article 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.136499 1 International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, v.281 International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 281 N scie scopus 001339000400001 2-s2.0-85206537481 Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Chemistry, Applied Polymer Science Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Chemistry Polymer Science Article GAMMA-VALEROLACTONE EFFICIENT ROUTE KRAFT LIGNIN SOLVENT FRACTIONATION PHOSPHORUS COATINGS BEHAVIOR FABRICS BORON Flame retardant Lignin nanoparticle Chemical treatment