Kwon, Yong Won Kim, Enji Koh, Chin Su Park, Young-Geun Hong, Yeon-Mi Lee, Sanghoon Lee, Jakyoung Kim, Tae Jun Mun, Wonki Min, Seung Hyun Kim, Sumin Lim, Jung Ah Jung, Hyun Ho Park, Jang-Ung 2025-03-22T15:30:26Z 2025-03-22T15:30:26Z 2025-03-19 2025-02 1936-0851 https://pubs.kist.re.kr/handle/201004/152046 Stimulating large volumes of neural networks using macroelectrodes can modulate disorder-associated brain circuits effectively. However, conventional solid-metal electrodes often cause unwanted brain damage due to their high mechanical stiffness. In contrast, low-modulus liquid metals provide tissue-like stiffness while maintaining macroscale electrode dimensions. Here, we present implantable soft macroelectrodes made from biocompatible liquid metals for brain stimulation. These probes can be easily fabricated by simply filling polymeric tubes with a liquid metal, offering a straightforward method for creating brain stimulation devices. They can be customized in various lengths and diameters and also serve as recording microelectrodes. The electrode tips are enhanced with platinum nanoclusters, resulting in low impedance and effective charge injection while preventing liquid metal leakage into brain tissue. In vivo experiments in neuropathic pain rat models demonstrate the stability and effectiveness of these probes for simultaneous neural stimulation and recording, demonstrating their potential for pain alleviation and behavioral control. English American Chemical Society Implantable Soft Neural Electrodes of Liquid Metals for Deep Brain Stimulation Article 10.1021/acsnano.4c18030 1 ACS Nano, v.19, no.7, pp.7337 - 7349 ACS Nano 19 7 7337 7349 N scie scopus 001423630400001 2-s2.0-85217952780 Chemistry, Multidisciplinary Chemistry, Physical Nanoscience & Nanotechnology Materials Science, Multidisciplinary Chemistry Science & Technology - Other Topics Materials Science Article SEMICONDUCTORS Liquid metal deep brainstimulation neuromodulation bioelectronics neural interface