Park, Subin Cho, Su-Yeon Kwon, Yujin Lee, Hyun Joo Yu, Eun Hee Joo, Jong Kil Ha, Ki-Tae Kim, Dokyoung Lee, Dongjun Kim, Jin-Woo Kim, Won Kyu Kim, Kihun Kim, Yun Hak 2025-08-31T03:30:35Z 2025-08-31T03:30:35Z 2025-08-27 2025-08 0303-4569 https://pubs.kist.re.kr/handle/201004/153085 Racial and ethnic differences in semen quality are crucial for understanding disparities in male reproductive health and infertility, yet these variations remain underexplored in the global context. We assess racial differences in semen quality, including key parameters, such as sperm concentration, motility, morphology, and total sperm count, while comparing outcomes between fertile and infertile groups, and examining variations across geographic regions and socioeconomic contexts, including comparisons between high-income and middle-income countries. A comprehensive search of PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science was conducted for studies published from 1985 to 2024. Semen parameters included semen volume, sperm concentration, total sperm count, sperm motility, progressive motility, viability, and morphology. Data from 40 studies comprising 71,880 samples were synthesized using a random-effects meta-analysis, following PRISMA guidelines. Asians exhibited the highest sperm concentration (53.79 million/mL) and motility (54.97%), while Blacks showed the lowest values in sperm morphology (7.85%) and total sperm count (78.04 million). Fertile groups consistently outperformed infertile groups across all parameters, with significant declines in motility and morphology in the infertile population. ANOVA and Tukey post hoc tests confirmed significant intergroup differences. This study highlights substantial racial differences in semen quality, influenced by genetic, environmental, and socioeconomic factors. The findings emphasize the need for culturally tailored interventions and future research to address global disparities in male reproductive health. English WILEY Racial Differences in Semen Quality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Semen Parameters Article 10.1155/and/7310532 1 Andrologia, v.2025, no.1 Andrologia 2025 1 N scie scopus 001547451400001 2-s2.0-105012960930 Andrology Endocrinology & Metabolism Review BODY-MASS INDEX REPRODUCTIVE HORMONES ETHNIC DISPARITIES ANDROGEN RECEPTOR FERTILITY CARE SPERM DNA INFERTILITY MEN GENE HEALTH ethnicity meta-analysis race semen quality systematic review