Venkatachalam, Priyadarshini Murugan, Nagaraj Dhanabalan, Karmegam Kang, Min Choi, Yu Rim Youn, Seung Hwi Noh, Seon Yeong Hong, Seungki Muramatsu, Hiroyuki Jung, Ho-Young Kim, Yoong Ahm 2025-09-17T02:01:51Z 2025-09-17T02:01:51Z 2025-09-16 2025-11 0378-7753 https://pubs.kist.re.kr/handle/201004/153165 Biomass-derived porous carbons offer a sustainable and cost-effective strategy to enhance the performance of lead-carbon batteries (LCBs), but challenges remain in controlling surface chemistry and suppressing the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). In this study, we introduce a dual modification approach for rice husk-derived activated carbon (RHAC), involving thermal treatment at 1000 degrees C followed by nitrogen functionalization via amination, to produce a surface-engineered material designated as HTT-N. Unlike conventional additive mixing, HTT-N is applied as a thin coating layer on the negative electrode to improve interfacial stability and redox efficiency. The HTT-N carbon retains a hierarchical porous structure and exhibits partial graphitic ordering, high electrical conductivity, and a nitrogen content of 2.08 wt%. These features collectively contribute to accelerated Pb/PbSO4 redox kinetics, enhanced charge transport, and effective HER suppression. Electrochemical tests reveal a high specific discharge capacity of 1.89 Ah g- 1 and outstanding cycling durability exceeding 40,000 cycles under high-rate partial-state-of-charge (HR-PSOC) conditions. These findings English Elsevier BV Hierarchical porous carbon nanosheets derived from rice husk as coating layer for the anode of lead-carbon battery Article 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.238168 1 Journal of Power Sources, v.657 Journal of Power Sources 657 N scie scopus 001565847600001 2-s2.0-105013843348 Chemistry, Physical Electrochemistry Energy & Fuels Materials Science, Multidisciplinary Chemistry Electrochemistry Energy & Fuels Materials Science Article NEGATIVE PLATES ELECTRODE PERFORMANCE HYDROGEN EVOLUTION REACTION ACID-BATTERIES Rice husk And lead-carbon battery Biomass Hard carbon Amination