Son, Hoki Kang, Seongho Yeon, Eungbeom Woo, Seungwan Hwang, Hyegyeong Jung, Eunbee Kwak, Jinsung 2025-10-01T11:02:55Z 2025-10-01T11:02:55Z 2025-09-30 2025-10 2050-7488 https://pubs.kist.re.kr/handle/201004/153307 We present a novel approach to enhance the hydrogen evolution reaction by directly introducing the Z-scheme by encapsulating 2D graphdiyne into CuO foam for the first time via the Glaser coupling reaction, which relies on the presence of Cu+ ions to form 2D graphdiyne. Since CuO doesn't have intrinsic Cu+ ions and thus cannot directly participate in the Glaser coupling reaction, an annealing process is applied to form Cu+ ions on the CuO surface to solve this problem. As a result, this strategy successfully forms both encapsulation and a direct Z-scheme configuration, significantly improving the HER and long-term stability. Compared to CuO modified with platinum single atoms, the HER performance is enhanced by 30%. Under 1 sun illumination, a HER and Faraday efficiency of 70 mu mol h-1 cm-2 and 88.6% are achieved. This study presents an effective surface engineering strategy, highlighting its strong potential as an efficient photoelectrode for sustainable hydrogen generation. English Royal Society of Chemistry A direct Z-scheme-based 2D graphdiyne/cupric oxide heterojunction for enhancing solar-to-hydrogen conversion efficiency Article 10.1039/d5ta05326a 1 Journal of Materials Chemistry A, v.13, no.40, pp.34793 - 34803 Journal of Materials Chemistry A 13 40 34793 34803 N scie scopus 001572667800001 Chemistry, Physical Energy & Fuels Materials Science, Multidisciplinary Chemistry Energy & Fuels Materials Science Article