Kruppke, Iris Sadeghi Bogar, Mohsen Wolf, Jan Bertram, Paul Muller, Michael Thomas Eder, Magdalena Dutschke, Anke Mikitisin, Adrian Shekhar, Pragya Hitzel, Frank Finger, Matthias Heo, So Jeong Ku, Bon-Cheol Zhang, Jizhen Lynch, Peter A. Pognon, Gregory Foyer, Gabriel Seidel-Greiff, Robert Behnisch, Thomas Kuznik, Irina Loffler, Markus Pohl, Darius Rellinghaus, Bernd Gude, Maik Cherif, Chokri 2025-11-21T01:03:17Z 2025-11-21T01:03:17Z 2025-11-11 2025-10 https://pubs.kist.re.kr/handle/201004/153579 This work presents a new cross-scale approach to evaluating the carbon fiber structure. This is demonstrated along the manufacturing chain from porous polyacrylonitrile (PAN) precursor fibers to porous carbon fibers (CF), where the particular challenge lies both in maintaining the porous structure throughout all process steps of thermal conversion and in ensuring that the fiber is sufficiently strong for processing in the stabilization and carbonization steps. In order to achieve this, an electron beam treatment was used to cyclize and cross-link the PAN for prestabilization, whereby the cyclization index was determined on the basis of spectroscopic methods and was 54% for the subsequently thermally stabilized fiber. The produced fibers were characterized by classical textile-physical investigations along the process chain, as well as by means of analyses with regard to structural changes and radial distribution of carbon crystallites, pores, and cavities, which were carried out using X-ray techniques, including wide-angle X-ray diffractometry (WAXS) and nanoscale X-ray tomography (XRM), as well as density measurements, and imaging techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with in situ Raman spectroscopy and in situ atomic force microscopy, as well as transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results indicate that structural changes take place in the radial direction and that a distinct core–sheath structure also forms for porous fibers. The initially determined specific surface area of the porous PAN fiber was 39.95 m2/g and decreased to 0.99 m2/g for the porous CF, whereby the density of the latter is significantly lower than that of standard CF, at 1.537 g/cm3. These findings provide a framework for a deeper understanding of the structure–property relationships along the carbon fiber manufacturing chain in order to develop tailored porous CF for CF-based supercapacitors. English ACS Publications Investigation of Porous Carbon Fibers Based on Porous Polyacrylonitrile Fibers Using High-Resolution Methods across Different Scales Article 10.1021/acsomega.5c04460 1 ACS Omega, v.10, no.39, pp.45165 - 45180 ACS Omega 10 39 45165 45180 Y scie scopus 001578257800001 2-s2.0-105018516540 Chemistry, Multidisciplinary Chemistry Article HIGH-STRENGTH HIGH-MODULUS RAMAN STABILIZATION EVOLUTION MICROSTRUCTURES CARBONIZATION FABRICATION PRECURSORS PROPERTY