Bae, Sang Hyeok Suh, Joo Hyeong Jo, Yejin Cho, Yong Jun Cho, Min Kyung Park, Jung Hwan Park, Min-Sik Jeong, Sunho 2025-11-21T02:14:02Z 2025-11-21T02:14:02Z 2025-11-11 2025-12 1936-0851 https://pubs.kist.re.kr/handle/201004/153591 Fast charging of commercial lithium-ion batteries severely compromises long-term cycle durability, particularly in cells using high mass-loading thick electrodes. Such performance decay originates from interfacial kinetic limitations in the graphite anode as follows: (i) a sluggish Li+ desolvation at the electrolyte–graphite interface, (ii) a hindered Li+ diffusion across the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), and (iii) a restricted Li+ insertion into the graphite, which collectively lead to an undesirable Li plating. Herein, we introduce an ultrathin and uniform MoO2/Mo2C biphasic passivation layer, achieved through a sequential cationic polyelectrolyte-assisted molybdate adsorption approach. The outer MoO2 layer does not only suppress an excessive SEI formation but also stabilizes the electrolyte interface by promoting the formation of Li2O and LiF-rich SEI that are both ionically conductive and chemically robust. The inner Mo2C layer provides a low Li+ adsorption energy (−0.97 eV), a reduced surface diffusion barrier (43 meV), and a high electrical conductivity (∼104 S cm–1), consequently enabling capacitive behavior and fast intercalation kinetics at the edge plane. The biphasic layer-passivated graphite anode delivers a fast-charging capability, reaching the 80% state of charge in just 7.4 min at a current density of 6 C and retaining 78.3% of its initial capacity after 600 fast-charge cycles with a practically viable high areal capacity of 3.2 mAh cm–2. These results represent a notable advancement over previously reported surface-engineered graphite anodes, particularly under industrially demanding conditions including high mass-loading and fast-charging. English American Chemical Society Biphasic MoO2/Mo2C-Passivated Graphite Anodes for Fast-Charging Lithium-Ion Batteries Article 10.1021/acsnano.5c11476 1 ACS Nano, v.19, no.48, pp.40850 - 40863 ACS Nano 19 48 40850 40863 N scie scopus 001603030000001 Chemistry, Multidisciplinary Chemistry, Physical Nanoscience & Nanotechnology Materials Science, Multidisciplinary Chemistry Science & Technology - Other Topics Materials Science Article SOLID-ELECTROLYTE INTERPHASE MO2C REDUCTION CARBON SEI passivation graphite anode lithium battery