Seo, Yurin Kim, Kyung-A Lee, Suho Lim, Yujin H. Seo, Yura Kim, Taeyul K. Kim, Yeleem Kim, Chae Hyun Jereis, Francesca Kim, Won Kyu Han, Yoon Dae Jung, Minsun Lee, Hyukmin Lee, Kyungwon Ahn, Joong Bae Yoon, Jihoon G. Kim, Han Sang 2026-01-13T07:00:41Z 2026-01-13T07:00:41Z 2026-01-12 2025-12 1661-6596 https://pubs.kist.re.kr/handle/201004/153985 Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn) is increasingly recognized as a cancer-associated bacterium, yet reliable quantification in human specimens is challenging due to low bacterial burden and abundant host DNA. We analyzed 145 Fusobacterium genomes to design primers targeting conserved regions of the fadA adhesin gene and developed a duplex quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) assay for simultaneous detection of fadA and a human PGT as an internal control. Analytical sensitivity, specificity, precision, and reproducibility were evaluated using serially diluted Fn DNA, spike-in experiments with human DNA, and cross-platform/operator validation. Clinical performance was assessed in colorectal cancer patient tissues, including fresh tissue (n = 24) and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples (n = 22), using 16S rRNA-based methods as references. The assay successfully detected all four major Fn subspecies (nucleatum, animalis, polymorphum, and vincentii). The limit of detection was ≤0.1 pg, with no interference between duplex targets. Spike-in experiments demonstrated consistent target detection in human-DNA-rich samples, with strong linearity (R2 = 0.998) across dilutions. High precision (coefficient of variations < 5%) was observed across intra-day, inter-day, inter-instrument, and inter-operator evaluations. In fresh tissues, the assay yielded 86% sensitivity, 94% specificity, and 92% accuracy. Using the FFPE samples, the assay achieved 91% sensitivity and 100% specificity, confirming robust classification in both clinical samples. This duplex qPCR assay enables broad detection of Fn with high analytical performance in both fresh and FFPE tissues. Its simplicity, reproducibility, and compatibility with pathology workflows support deployment in multi-center studies and downstream applications in diagnostic studies and prognostic modeling. English Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI) A Duplex qPCR Assay Targeting the fadA Gene Enables Robust Detection of Fusobacterium in Clinical Samples Article 10.3390/ijms262311319 1 International Journal of Molecular Sciences, v.26, no.23 International Journal of Molecular Sciences 26 23 Y scie scopus 001636196100001 2-s2.0-105024625896 Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Chemistry, Multidisciplinary Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Chemistry Article NUCLEATUM Fusobacterium nucleatum fadA qPCR colorectal cancer clinical detection