Lee, Seoung Rak Lee, Bum Soo Yu, Jae Sik Kang, Heesun Yoo, Min Jeong Yi, Sang Ah Han, Jeung-Whan Kim, Sil Kim, Jung Kyu Kim, Jin-Chul Kim, Ki Hyun 2024-01-12T03:31:05Z 2024-01-12T03:31:05Z 2022-05-11 2022-05 1226-8453 https://pubs.kist.re.kr/handle/201004/76731 Background: Withania somnifera (Solanaceae), generally known as Indian ginseng, is a medicinal plant that is used in Ayurvedic practice for promoting health and longevity. This study aims to identify the bioactive metabolites from Indian ginseng and elucidate their structures. Methods: Withanolides were purified by chromatographic techniques, including HPLC coupled with LC/ MS. Chemical structures of isolated withanolides were clarified by analyzing the spectroscopic data from 1D and 2D NMR, and HR-ESIMS experiment. Absolute configurations of the withanolides were estab-lished by the application of NMR chemical shifts and ECD calculations. Anti-adipogenic activities of isolates were evaluated using 3T3-L1 preadipocytes with Oil Red O staining and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). Results: Phytochemical examination of the roots of Indian ginseng afforded to the isolation of six withanolides (1-6), including three novel withanolides, withasilolides G-I (1-3). All the six compounds inhibited adipogenesis and suppressed the enlargement of lipid droplets, compared to those of the control. Additionally, the mRNA expression levels of Fabp4 and Adipsin, the adipocyte markers decreased noticeably following treatment with 25 mM of 1-6. The active compounds (1-6) also promoted lipid metabolism by upregulating the expression of the lipolytic genes HSL and ATGL and downregulating the expression of the lipogenic gene SREBP1. Conclusion: The results of our experimental studies suggest that the withasilolides identified herein have anti-adipogenic potential and can be considered for the development of therapeutic strategies against adipogenesis in obesity. Our study also provides a mechanistic rationale for using Indian ginseng as a potential therapeutic agent against obesity and related metabolic diseases. (c) 2021 The Korean Society of Ginseng. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). English 고려인삼학회 Identification of anti-adipogenic withanolides from the roots of Indian ginseng (Withania somnifera) Article 10.1016/j.jgr.2021.09.004 1 Journal of Ginseng Research, v.46, no.3, pp.357 - 366 Journal of Ginseng Research 46 3 357 366 Y scie scopus kci ART002839533 000799282500006