Intensification of Pseudocapacitance by Nanopore Engineering on Waste-Bamboo-Derived Carbon as a Positive Electrode for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Abstract

Nanoporous carbon, including redox-active functional groups, can be a promising active electrode material (AEM) as a positive electrode for lithium-ion batteries owing to its high electrochemical performance originating from the host-free surface-driven charge storage process. This study examined the effects of the nanopore size on the pseudocapacitance of the nanoporous carbon materials using nanopore-engineered carbon-based AEMs (NE-C-AEMs). The pseudocapacitance of NE-C-AEMs was intensified, when the pore diameter was >= 2 nm in a voltage range of 1.0-4.8 V vs Li+/Li under the conventional carbonate-based electrolyte system, showing a high specific capacity of similar to 485 mA.h.g(-1). In addition, the NE-C-AEMs exhibited high rate capabilities at current ranges from 0.2 to 4.0 A.g(-1) as well as stable cycling behavior for more than 300 cycles. The high electrochemical performance of NE-C-AEMs was demonstrated by full-cell tests with a graphite nanosheet anode, where a high specific energy and power of similar to 345 Wh.kg(-1) and similar to 6100 W.Kg(-1), respectively, were achieved.