Fabrication of a 3D mode size converter for efficient edge coupling in photonic integrated circuits

Abstract

We demonstrate efficient edge couplers by fabricating a 3D mode size converter on a lithium niobate-on-insulator photonic platform. The 3D mode size converter is fabricated using an etching process that employs a Si external mask to provide height variation and adjust the width variation through tapering patterns via lithography. The measured edge coupling efficiency with a 3D mode size converter was approximately 1.16 dB/facet for the TE mode and approximately 0.71 dB/facet for the TM mode at a wavelength of 1550 nm using lensed fibers. (c) 2025 Optica Publishing Group under the terms of the Optica Open Access Publishing Agreement