A study on the source profile development for diesel and gasoline-powered vehicles

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to develop the PM2.5 source profiles for diesel and gasoline-powered vehicles, which contained mass abundances in terms of mass fraction of PM2.5 of chemical species. Seven diesel-powered vehicles and nine gasoline-powered vehicles were sampled from a chassis dynamometer exhaust dilution system. The species measured were water-soluble ions, elements, elemental carbon (EC), and organic carbon (OC). From this study, the large abundances of EC (54.5%), OC (26.0%), SO₄²⁻ (1.5%), NO₃⁻ (0.8%), and S (0.6%) were observed from the diesel-powered vehicle exhaust showing that carbons were dominant species. The gasolinepowered vehicle exhaust emitted large abundances of OC (38.3%), EC (4.2%), SO₄²⁻ (3.6%), NH₄⁺ (3.5%), and NO₃⁻ (3.0%). The abundances of SO₄²⁻, NH₄⁺, and NO₃⁻ from gasoline vehicle were greater than those of diesel vehicle. The emissions of P, S, Ca, Fe, and Zn among trace elements for the gasoline vehicle were greater than 1% of the PM2.5 mass unlike those for the diesel vehicle. Particularly, the fraction of Zn was five times higher from the gasoline vehicle than that from the diesel vehicle. The source profiles developed in this work were intensively examined by applying chemical mass balance model.