Flexible/Stretchable Supercapacitors with Novel Functionality for Wearable Electronics

Abstract

With the miniaturization of personal wearable electronics, considerable effort has been expended to develop high­performance flexible/stretchable energy storage devices for powering integrated active devices. Supercapacitors can fulfill this role owing to their simple structures, high power density, and cyclic stability. Moreover, a high electrochemical performance can be achieved with flexible/stretchable supercapacitors, whose applications can be expanded through the introduction of additional novel functionalities. Here, recent advances in and future prospects for flexible/stretchable supercapacitors with innate functionalities are covered, including biodegradability, self­healing, shape memory, energy harvesting, and electrochromic and temperature tolerance, which can contribute to reducing e­waste, ensuring device integrity and performance, enabling device self­charging following exposure to surrounding stimuli, displaying the charge status, and maintaining the performance under a wide range of temperatures. Finally, the challenges and perspectives of high­performance all­in­one wearable systems with integrated functional supercapacitors for future practical application are discussed.