Dendrite-Suppressing Polymer Materials for Safe Rechargeable Metal Battery Applications: From the Electro-Chemo-Mechanical Viewpoint of Macromolecular Design

Abstract

Metal batteries have been emerging as next-generation battery systems by virtue of ultrahigh theoretical specific capacities and low reduction potentials of metallic anodes. However, significant concerns regarding the uncontrolled metallic dendrite growth accompanied by safety hazards and short lifespan have impeded practical applications of metal batteries. Although a great deal of effort has been pursued to highlight the thermodynamic origin of dendrite growth and a variety of experimental methodologies for dendrite suppression, the roles of polymer materials in suppressing the dendrite growth have been underestimated. This review aims to give a state-of-the-art overview of contemporary dendrite-suppressing polymer materials from the electro-chemo-mechanical viewpoint of macromolecular design, including i) homogeneous distribution of metal ion flux, ii) mechanical blocking of metal dendrites, iii) tailoring polymer structures, and iv) modulating the physical configuration of polymer membranes. Judiciously tailoring electro-chemo-mechanical properties of polymer materials provides virtually unlimited opportunities to afford safe and high-performance metal battery systems by resolving problematic dendrite issues. Transforming these rational design strategies into building dendrite-suppressing polymer materials and exploiting them towards polymer electrolytes, separators, and coating materials hold the key to realizing safe, dendrite-free, and long-lasting metal battery systems.