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dc.contributor.authorNoh, Chanho-
dc.contributor.authorSerhiichuk, Dmytro-
dc.contributor.authorMalikah, Najibah-
dc.contributor.authorKwon, Yongchai-
dc.contributor.authorHenkensmeier, Dirk-
dc.date.accessioned2024-01-19T15:30:35Z-
dc.date.available2024-01-19T15:30:35Z-
dc.date.created2021-09-02-
dc.date.issued2021-03-
dc.identifier.issn1385-8947-
dc.identifier.urihttps://pubs.kist.re.kr/handle/201004/117374-
dc.description.abstractPolybenzimidazole (PBI) is a promising material for vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) membranes. It shows a low permeability for vanadium ions, a conductivity in the range of 5 mS cm(-1) in contact with 2 M sulfuric acid, and resists degradation by VO2+. Recent literature showed that the conductivity of PBI can be increased to 18 mS cm(-1) by pre-swelling the membrane with phosphoric acid (PA), and up to 590 mS cm(-1) by casting a sulfonated para-PBI membrane from polyphosphoric acid before immersion in sulfuric acid. However, these membranes show an increased permeability towards VO2+ ions, and thus reduced coulomb efficiency in the VRFB. Here we investigate pre-swelling in 4 M alkaline solution. It increases the conductivity in 2 M sulfuric acid to 56 (potassium hydroxide) and 12 mS cm(-1) (sodium hydroxide). In 3 M sulfuric acid, the NaOH swollen membrane (4N3S) shows 14 mS cm(-1), corresponding to an area resistance of 69 m Omega cm(2) for a 10 mu m thick membrane, lower than that of Nafion 115 (192 m Omega cm(2)) and even Nafion 212 (89 m Omega cm(2)). The selectivity (conductivity/permeability) is 9.10(14) S s m(-3), 7, 30 and 1000 times higher than for standard PBI, PA and polyphosphoric acid pre-swollen membranes, respectively. A VRFB with a 5 mu m thick 4N3S membrane showed energy efficiencies of 91.3% at 80 mA cm(-2) and 95.4% at 40 mA cm(-2).-
dc.languageEnglish-
dc.publisherElsevier BV-
dc.titleOptimizing the performance of meta-polybenzimidazole membranes in vanadium redox flow batteries by adding an alkaline pre-swelling step-
dc.typeArticle-
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.cej.2020.126574-
dc.description.journalClass1-
dc.identifier.bibliographicCitationChemical Engineering Journal, v.407-
dc.citation.titleChemical Engineering Journal-
dc.citation.volume407-
dc.description.isOpenAccessN-
dc.description.journalRegisteredClassscie-
dc.description.journalRegisteredClassscopus-
dc.identifier.wosid000607599400003-
dc.identifier.scopusid2-s2.0-85092547428-
dc.relation.journalWebOfScienceCategoryEngineering, Environmental-
dc.relation.journalWebOfScienceCategoryEngineering, Chemical-
dc.relation.journalResearchAreaEngineering-
dc.type.docTypeArticle-
dc.subject.keywordPlusBLEND MEMBRANES-
dc.subject.keywordPlusEFFICIENCY-
dc.subject.keywordPlusIMIDAZOLE-
dc.subject.keywordPlusVANADATE-
dc.subject.keywordPlusENHANCE-
dc.subject.keywordPlusIONS-
dc.subject.keywordAuthorConductivity-
dc.subject.keywordAuthorVanadium permeability-
dc.subject.keywordAuthorVRFB-
dc.subject.keywordAuthorPBI-
dc.subject.keywordAuthorAlkaline pre-treatment-
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KIST Article > 2021
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