Functionalized Bonding Materials and Interfaces for Heterogeneously Layer-Stacked Applications

Abstract

Recently, heterogeneous integration has become more important in enhancing device performance and creating new functions. For this purpose, wafer bonding can provide a straightforward method to integrate different materials, regardless of lattice mismatch. Here, we review recent application spaces using low-temperature wafer bonding by classifying wafer bonding into direct bonding, oxide bonding, and metal bonding. We show that bonding materials and interfaces have an important role in achieving high-performance semiconductor devices.