SARS-CoV-2 효소 타겟 기반 항바이러스 천연물 제제의 개발 동향 및 전망

Abstract

Natural products have long played a pivotal role in the treatment of human diseases, contributing to approximately 80% of drugs in the current market. Recently, with the global COVID-19 pandemic, interest in plant-derived compounds as antiviral agents has surged. This review focuses on the potential of natural compounds targeting SARS-CoV-2 enzymes, particularly RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and main protease (Mpro). Various plant-based secondary metabolites, including flavonoids, polyphenols, and isothiocyanates, have shown inhibitory activity against these viral targets. While compounds like baicalein, myricetin, and curcumin have demonstrated moderate efficacy in vitro, their clinical application faces challenges such as bioavailability and potency. Enhancements through structural modification, nanotechnology, and combination therapy are strategies to increase the antiviral potential of these compounds. This review provides an overview of key natural inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 enzymes, Mpro or RdRp, underscoring their promise and the remaining challenges for developing effective natural product-based antiviral therapies.