Recent advances in ion exchange membrane-based electrochemical hydrogenation of liquid organic hydrogen carrier

Abstract

Electrochemical hydrogenation (ECH) of liquid organic hydrogen carriers (LOHCs) has emerged as a promising energy-efficient route, which is essential for the transition to sustainable energy systems. This review critically evaluates pH-dependent ECH mechanisms, analyzing how acidic, neutral, and alkaline environments influence reaction pathways, intermediates, and kinetics. Recent advances in catalyst design are discussed, encompassing both platinum group metals and cost-effective non-noble metal systems, with particular emphasis on electronic structure engineering to enhance catalytic selectivity and activity while suppressing competing side reactions. Progress in membrane technology, including proton and anion exchange membranes, is assessed for its impact on ionic conductivity and system stability. Furthermore, a comprehensive analysis links the performance of various LOHC molecules—considering their molecular structure and hydrogen storage capacity—to electrochemical system design and optimization. Collectively, these integrated advances establish ECH as a viable technology for ambient-condition energy storage, underscoring its potential to enable safer and more integrated renewable energy ecosystems.