High-Power Performance of Textured Piezoelectric Ceramics Through Synergistic A-Site Donor and B-Site Acceptor Doping

Abstract

Temperature stability is a critical factor in high-power applications due to the substantial heat generated during high-frequency resonant operation. While properties such as the electromechanical quality factor (Qm) and Curie temperature (TC) are essential for ensuring thermal robustness, enhancing the piezoelectric constant (d33) is equally important for improving overall performance. However, these properties often exhibit trade-offs, making simultaneous enhancement a significant challenge. In this study, a complementary doping strategy was adopted by introducing Eu ion as an A-site donor and Mn ion as a B-site acceptor into the PIN–PMN–PT system. This approach effectively mitigated cation–oxygen vacancy recombination through spatial separation. Furthermore, the templated grain growth (TGG) method was employed to align domains, thereby further enhancing the piezoelectric properties. As a result, 0.24PIN–0.46PMN–0.30PT textured ceramics co-doped with 2 mol% Mn and 1.5 mol% Eu ions exhibited outstanding performance metrics: d33 of 508 pC/N, a planar coupling coefficient (kp) of 64%, and Qm exceeding 850, while maintaining TC above 170°C. The resulting transducer Figure-of-merit (d33 × Qm) surpasses 400 000, establishing a new benchmark for high-power piezoelectric materials and demonstrating strong potential for next-generation transducer technologies.