Modified cellulose nanofibril aerogel: Tunable catalyst support for treatment of 4-Nitrophenol from wastewater

Abstract

4-Nitrophenol (4-NP) is a hazardous aromatic compound widely used for various industries. Catalytic reduction of 4-NP using metal nanoparticles (NPs) is a highly effective method to treat 4-NP from waste effluent. Even though lots of methods have investigated to prepare efficient metal NPs composites, the nano and/or micro size of composites makes it hard to recover after wastewater treatment, limiting its practical use. Here, we fabricate 3-dimensional polyethylene imine grafted cellulose nanofibril (CNF-PEI) aerogel as a porous support material for platinum (Pt) NPs to practically and effectively treat 4-NP from wastewater. The Pt NPs are formed in-situ mode on cylindrical CNF-PEI aerogel by adsorption reaction with amine groups of PEI and subsequently reduction with NaBH4. Control of PEI grafting density and the initial concentration of Pt ions allows manipulation of the loading mass, size, and distribution of Pt NPs on 3D scaffold of CNF-PEI aerogel. The composite aerogel shows high catalytic activity for conversion of 4-NP. The 4-NP conversion activity is strongly affected by the size of Pt NPs and effective surface area of aerogels. The 2.74 nm size Pt NPs with even distribution in the aerogel show fast reaction kinetics (k = 0.12 min-1). Finally, 4-NP reduction efficiency does not decrease during 5 times reuse cycle of Pt NPs loaded CNF-PEI aerogel. This CNF-PEI aerogel loaded with Pt NPs is recovered easily from wastewater after treatment, so it is reusable and offers high potential as a practical recyclable environmental catalyst.