Degradation of ranitidine and changes in N-nitrosodimethylamine formation potential by advanced oxidation processes: Role of oxidant speciation and water matrix

Authors
Seid, Mingizem GashawLee, ChanghaCho, KangwooHong, Seok Won
Issue Date
2021-09
Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
Citation
WATER RESEARCH, v.203
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of thirteen (photo/electro) chemical oxidation processes on the formation potential (FP) of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) during the chloramination of ranitidine in reverse osmosis (RO) permeate and brine. The NDMA-FP varied significantly depending on the pretreatment process, initial pH, and water matrix types. At higher initial pH values (> 7.0), most pretreatments did not reduce the NDMA-FP, presumably because few radical species and more chloramine-reactive byproducts were generated. At pH < 7.0, however, electrochemical oxidation assisted by chloride and Fe2+/H2O2, catalytic wet peroxide oxidation and peroxydisulfate-induced pretreatments removed up to 85% of NDMA-FP in the RO brine. Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation or prechlorination alone did not reduce the NDMA-FP effectively, but combined UV/chlorine treatment effectively reduced the NDMA-FP. In contrast, after UV irradiation (2.1 mW cm(-2) for 0.5 h) in the presence of H2O2 and chloramine, NDMA formation increased substantially (up to 26%) during the post-chloramination of the RO permeate. Mass spectrometric analysis and structural elucidation of the oxidation byproducts indicated that compared with the reactive nitrogen species generated by UV/NH2Cl, sulfate radicals and (photo/electro) chemically generated reactive chlorine species were more promising for minimizing NDMA-FP. Unlike, the hemolytic center dot OH driven by UV/H2O2, the center dot OH from Fe(IV)-assisted pretreatments showed a significant synergistic effect on NDMA-FP reduction. Overall, the results suggest the need for a careful assessment of the type of radical species to be used for treating an RO water system containing amine-functionalized compounds.
Keywords
NDMA FORMATION; REVERSE-OSMOSIS; ELECTRO-FENTON; POTABLE REUSE; BY-PRODUCTS; WASTE; PHARMACEUTICALS; PERSULFATE; KINETICS; CHLORINE; N-nitrosodimethylamine formation potential; Reactive radical species; (Photo/electro)chemical oxidation; Ranitidine chloramination; Reverse osmosis
ISSN
0043-1354
URI
https://pubs.kist.re.kr/handle/201004/116536
DOI
10.1016/j.watres.2021.117495
Appears in Collections:
KIST Article > 2021
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