Sustainable biorefinery processes using renewable deep eutectic solvents

Abstract

Renewable deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are effective and eco-friendly solvents and catalysts for the utilization of lignocellulosic biomass. This review introduces the advancements in the synthesis of renewable DESs and their applications to overcome challenges in the current biomass utilization. Recent biomass pretreatment and fractionation processes using renewable DESs were reviewed. Valorization approaches of carbohydrates and lignin in the biorefinery concept were highlighted. In addition, a closed-loop strategy with renewable DESs for achieving a circular bioeconomy was discussed. DESs-based green chemistry will represent the primary objectives of the scientific community for developing sustainable biorefinery.