Effect of end-group cross-linking on transport properties of sulfonated poly(phenylene sulfide nitrile)s for proton exchange membranes

Abstract

A series of end-group cross-linked membranes (Az-XESPSN) were prepared by click reaction to investigate the effects of cross-linking on the morphology and proton transport properties of proton exchange membranes. The morphological transformations resulting from thermal annealing and cross-linking were observed by means of atomic force microscopy (AFM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Compared to the non-cross-linked ESPSN membranes, the Az-XESPSN membranes exhibited lower water uptake and improved mechanical and chemical stabilities. In addition, the Az-XESPSN membranes exhibited higher proton conductivities (0.018-0.028 S cm(-1)) compared to those of the ESPSN membranes (0.0044-0.0053 S cm(-1)) and Nafion 212 (0.0061 S cm(-1)), particularly in conditions of elevated temperature (120 degrees C) and low relative humidity (35%). Such enhancements can be attributed to a synergistic effect of well-defined hydrophilic ionic clusters and triazole groups that function as proton carriers under anhydrous conditions. Furthermore, the Az-XESPSN membranes exhibited significantly enhanced single cell performance and long-term stability compared to those of ESPSN membranes. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.