Matching the Power, Voltage, and Size of Biological Systems: A nW-Scale, 0.023-mm(3) Pulsed 33-GHz Radio Transmitter Operating From a 5 kT/q-Supply Voltage
- Authors
- Choi, Jaebin; Aklimi, Eyal; Shi, Chen; Tsai, David; Krishnaswamy, Harish; Shepard, Kenneth L.
- Issue Date
- 2015-08
- Publisher
- IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
- Citation
- IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS I-REGULAR PAPERS, v.62, no.8, pp.1950 - 1958
- Abstract
- This paper explores the extent to which a solid-state transmitter can be miniaturized, while still using RF for wireless information transfer and working with power densities and operating voltages comparable to what could be harvested from a living system. A 3.1 nJ/bit pulsed millimeter-wave transmitter, 300 mu m by 300 mu m by 250 mu m in size, designed in 32-nm SOI CMOS, operates on an electric potential of 130 mV and 3.1 nW of dc power. Far-field data transmission at 33 GHz is achieved by supply-switching an LC-oscillator with a duty cycle of 10(-6). The time interval between pulses carries information on the amount of power harvested by the radio, supporting a data rate of similar to 1 bps. The inductor of the oscillator also acts as an electrically small (lambda/30) on-chip antenna, which, combined with millimeter-wave operation, enables the extremely small form factor.
- Keywords
- CMOS; ENERGY; CMOS; ENERGY; Antennas; low power design; monolithic integrated circuits; radio frequency oscillators
- ISSN
- 1549-8328
- URI
- https://pubs.kist.re.kr/handle/201004/125181
- DOI
- 10.1109/TCSI.2015.2426958
- Appears in Collections:
- KIST Article > 2015
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