Facile synthesis of hierarchical mesoporous Li4Ti5O12 microspheres in supercritical methanol

Abstract

A facile, template-free route using supercritical methanol for the preparation of hierarchical mesoporous Li4Ti5O12 spinel microspheres in a very short reaction time is introduced. Nanosized, primary Li4Ti5O12 particles (5-10 nm) are loosely aggregated and form micron-sized, secondary mesoporous spheres (0.2-2.0 mu m) with a pore size of 2-10 nm. Subsequent calcination of the as-synthesized Li4Ti5O12 at a low temperature of 600 degrees C results in excellent long-term cyclability and high rate performance. The discharge capacity after 400 cycles at 1 C is 134.9 mAh g(-1) (77.6% of the initial discharge capacity), and the discharge capacity at 10 C is 108.5 mAh g(-1). The formation mechanism of hierarchical mesoporous microspheres in supercritical methanol is discussed. Crown Copyright (C) 2013 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.