시스템생물학 및 합성생물학 기반 미생물 세포 공장 최적화 전략

Abstract

Microbial cell factories have emerged as pivotal platforms for the sustainable production of biofuels, pharmaceuticals, and high-value chemicals. Despite remarkable progress, the rational design and optimization of microbial hosts remain a major challenge due to complex cellular physiology, unknown gene functions, and the limitations of traditional trial-and-error approaches. Integration of systems and synthetic biology approaches can effectively address these barriers. Systems biology enables global understanding and predictive cellular modeling through omics analyses, while synthetic biology provides standardized tools for construction and dynamic regulation of microbial cells. The integration of both fields under the Design-Build-Test-Learn (DBTL) framework has transformed microbial strain development into a data-driven, iterative engineering process. This review comprehensively examines key systems biology tools such as genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, as well as synthetic biology approaches including bioparts assembly, genetic circuits, and high-throughput screening. Furthermore, the emerging roles of biofoundries and AI-powered automation platforms are introduced to accelerate DBTL cycles. By unifying systems-level insights with engineering precision, these integrated approaches pave the way for the next generation of high-performance microbial cell factories.