Immunodiagnosis of alveolar echinococcosis by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using a partially purified Em18/16 enriched fraction

Abstract

An improved enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) system using partially purified Em18/16 enriched fraction (PP-Em18/16) prepared by isoelectric focusing was evaluated for serodiagnosis of alveolar echinococcosis (AE).The PP-Em18/16-ELISA was compared with Em2(plus)-ELISA by using sera from AE and cystic echinococcosis (CE) patients in China, where both AE and CE are endemic; sera from CE patients in Australia, where only CE exists; and sera from patients with cysticercosis, paragonimiasis, or sparganosis in Korea, where no indigenous AE or CE exists. We used Em2(plus)-ELISA as a standard ELISA and found 24.6% (17 of 69 specimens) cross-reactivity with sera from CE. Furthermore, some of the sera from paragonimiasis, sparganosis, and cysticercosis patients were also cross-reactive in the Em2(plus)-ELISA. When we tested for similar cross-reactivity in the same sera from CE patients by PP-Em18/16-ELISA (23.2%, 16 of 69), it became evident that the specificity of the PP-Em18/16-ELISA was better than that of the Em2(plus)-ELISA, since no sera from patients with the examined parasitic diseases except CE showed cross-reactivity. Some CE patients from China showed exceptionally high levels of antibody in comparison with those of CE patients from Australia, where no AE occurs. It is speculated that these patients with strongly positive cases of CE from China may have been exposed to both species of Echinococcus.