Proteomic biomarker profiling for discovering muscle, bone, and fat cross talk from elite athletes

Abstract

The health benefits of physical activity are widely acknowledged and impact various organ systems as promoting overall resilience and longevity. Following the research of discovering signaling molecules that are released in response to exercise from various organs such as skeletal muscle, heart, neurons, and adipose tissue exerting their effects through endocrine, paracrine, or autocrine pathways, numerous functional molecules caused by physical activity have been identified. However, controversial issues persist inconsistencies between responses to acute and chronic exercise, and differences observed between human and animal exercise models. Therefore, to understand the precise molecular mechanisms responsible for these benefits, and provide robust ground for future advancements in exercise biomarker research, well-structured biomarker profiling analysis with controlled sampling methods from elite athletes is essential. In this study, we identified various proteomic biomarkers from elite athletes and the suggested proteins showed promising relationships with enhancing cardiovascular, metabolic immune, and neurological health, suggesting potential applications in treating cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, obesity, and promoting healthy aging. In addition, this study emphasizes the significance of using a meticulous sampling strategy to yield precise findings on functional molecules triggered by exercise.